Frequently asked questions

There is no single right answer — it is a choice about readability. More water means a lower concentration and a larger, easier-to-read draw for the same amount. Less water means a smaller draw and more amounts fitting inside one syringe. The calculator shows both sides of that trade for your specific vial.

Concentration equals vial size divided by the water you add. Draw volume equals your target amount divided by that concentration. Units equal draw volume times 100, because a U-100 syringe reads 100 units per millilitre.

Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which inhibits bacterial growth and lets you enter the vial repeatedly. Sterile water has no preservative and suits single use only. For a multi-use peptide vial, bacteriostatic is the normal choice.

You cannot break the chemistry by diluting, but you can create two practical problems: a draw too large for your syringe, and a vial that physically cannot hold the volume. The calculator flags the first.

Agitation and foaming can denature peptides. Run the water down the inside wall of the vial and swirl gently until the powder dissolves.

That depends entirely on your concentration, which is why no one can answer it without knowing your vial size and how much water you added. At 5 mg/mL a 500 mcg amount is 10 units; at 2.5 mg/mL the same amount is 20 units.

No. Units measure volume. The amount of compound in a given number of units depends on concentration — the two are only linked once you have done the reconstitution math.

U-100 is graduated at 100 units per mL, U-40 at 40 units per mL. Reading a U-40 as if it were U-100 is a two-and-a-half-fold error. A U-50 uses the U-100 scale but holds half a millilitre, giving wider spacing for small draws.

Divide by 1000 — 1 mg is 1000 mcg. The unit converter handles this along with IU and volume conversions.

No. An International Unit is defined separately for each substance, so a factor for one compound is meaningless for another. Most research peptides have no IU definition at all.

It varies by compound, but refrigerated and protected from light is the baseline expectation, with a limited usable window rather than an indefinite one. The storage reference covers what changes that window.

No. Freeze-thaw cycles damage peptides in solution through ice-crystal formation. Freeze the dry powder if you need long-term storage; refrigerate once mixed.

Cloudiness or visible particles mean the vial should be discarded rather than used. It can indicate precipitation, degradation or contamination, and none of those are recoverable.

Cold, dark and dry. Lyophilized peptide is the stable form and is hygroscopic, so keep vials sealed until you intend to use them.

A batch number matching your vial, an HPLC purity figure with the chromatogram behind it, a mass-spec identity confirmation, a recent analysis date, and ideally an independent third-party lab. The COA checklist grades all of this.

Not on its own. Purity says what proportion of the material is the intended compound; identity confirmation says whether it is the right compound at all. A 99% pure vial of the wrong peptide is still the wrong peptide.

Because a COA documents one production lot. If the batch on the certificate does not match the batch on your vial, the document describes material you did not receive.

Where a real human trial or approved label established one, yes — with the citation, on the protocol pages. Where none exists, we say so instead of printing a number. Most research peptides fall into the second group.

Because no human trial has ever established one for that compound. The evidence badge on each page tells you whether its dosing comes from human trials, animal work only, or nothing published at all.

Almost certainly because we could not find a citable source for it. Figures for many research peptides circulate widely without originating in any trial, and we would rather leave a gap than pass along a number nobody measured.

No. Everything here is educational reference for measurement and research planning. Compounds referenced are sold as research chemicals and are not for human or veterinary use.